History articles – jdotnetservices https://jdotnetservices.com jdotnetservices Thu, 22 Feb 2018 16:39:53 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.8.8 https://jdotnetservices.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-fav-1-32x32.jpg History articles – jdotnetservices https://jdotnetservices.com 32 32 Use Your Small Home Business Ideas https://jdotnetservices.com/use-small-home-business-ideas/ https://jdotnetservices.com/use-small-home-business-ideas/#respond Tue, 20 Feb 2018 13:03:55 +0000 http://jdotnetservices.com/?p=550 In the beginning, some of us may find that starting a home based business may seem like an incredibly difficult task. After you make one profitable one your confidence and outlook will change. There is much risk, if we are sloppy with our time and income involved with any business. So we always start small […]

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In the beginning, some of us may find that starting a home based business may seem like an incredibly difficult task.

After you make one profitable one your confidence and outlook will change.

There is much risk, if we are sloppy with our time and income involved with any business.

So we always start small to severely limit the risks we take. Right? Good!

For people who are used to subsisting on a regular salary, the thought of not having a regular stream of income may be frightening.

They should quickly learn to take ten percent of their take home income from every paycheck and bank it in a separate savings account.

This is magic. Taxes on our paychecks are so high that we will quickly learn how to adapt on ten percent less take home income.

The Richest Man In Babylon book, at any major bookstore will tell you all about this. Cut the slop out of your budget and you can do it.

Basically what you do is never ever touch this income. You keep half of it for emergencies and use the other half for slowly starting your own home business.

Take no new debts for anything else until all your debts are paid off. I did this and it is truly magic what it does for you.

There are many small home business opportunities out there and more decent ones pop up every day.

But, it just seems like the implementation of those ideas is too impractical. Until you find the right one that is.

Unfortunately enough, many of us live in a small financial world at first.

We just do not have the courage or the imagination to venture out on our own. After all, there just seems to be too many obstacles in our paths.

Here is a list of what most people have to say about using a small home business idea:

Not enough capital. This is one of the primary obstacles to starting a home based business.

After all, what business can begin without capital? The answer for this is clearly near the beginning of this article.

What most people do not see, however, is that a home based business requires less capital than other, more traditional business models. An advantage for you.

Think of Ford motor company starting in a small room at the back of the Michigan movie theater on Michigan Avenue, in Michigan.

Or Bill Gates and team starting in a garage, or the founder of Ebay working his computer for finding different Pez containers hobby for his girl friend, or the Wright brothers at Kitty Hawk North Carolina, and thousands of similar others.

After all, you already have your headquarters or office, the house or garage itself like the successes mentioned above. So you will already save money on that.

With a small home business, overhead is drastically reduced.

More importantly, job related stress and pure creativity, are dramatically balanced to your favor in the right directions.

Too risky. This is what really gets the goat of most people. What if the successful people mentioned above would of thought that?

Receiving a salary is comfortable. Or is it? Do you really want the stress and boredom for the rest of your life?

Is this what you want on your tombstone if you live to be two hundred years old? I really did not think so. So let us keep going here.

As long as you go to work and achieve a few standard goals, you can be sure of getting a regular paycheck. Hah!

Many of the great companies of the last two centuries are gone or outdated. Just the great ones now. Is that really security?

Your best security is within yourself. Believe in yourself and never quit.

At least, that is how the thinking goes now. But did you ever stop to reflect that it is the comfortable salary that presents the real risk?

By saying that a home business is too risky, you are assuming that your job is completely safe?

That you have this job for life?

Unless you own the company, that is probably not true.

In other words, by thinking that you are secure, you will neglect to prepare for the future. Please do not make this all too common mistake.

Will take too much work.

This is another excuse that most people will use when confronted with a home business opportunity.

Quality work is more important than quantity. Dedicate yourself to making ten shrewd decisions about yourself, your life every day.

If you feel that your small home business idea will take too much work, it most probably will! Learn and concentrate on working smarter not harder.

Do not let negativity defeat you before you begin.

However, if your idea will help you reach your dreams, you should not shirk from a little honest smart work?

If you have been in this world long enough, you should know two very basic things: First, that life is short; and second, that there is no such thing as a free good lunch.

In other words, you have limited time to enjoy this little planet of ours, and the only way you will be able to do that is if you work smart, not necessarily hard but smart.

If you have a good small home business idea why not give it a try, using some of the suggestions above. You never know: this just might be the first step to the rest of your dreams.

The only for sure promise I make you is that, if you try, you will make a lot of wonderful memories, and a few lousy ones but, you will never regret knowing how you actually did turn out because you put your heart into it and tried.

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Growing Healthy Roses With Helpful Rose Gardening Tips https://jdotnetservices.com/growing-healthy-roses-helpful-rose-gardening-tips/ https://jdotnetservices.com/growing-healthy-roses-helpful-rose-gardening-tips/#respond Wed, 14 Feb 2018 15:03:05 +0000 http://jdotnetservices.com/?p=544 You’ve probably seen pictures of other people’s magnificent rose gardens, but would you be able to produce such roses from your own home gardening efforts? If you research and pay attention to the multitude of rose gardening tips that are available to you, it’s very likely that you can do this. Each new tip will teach you […]

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You’ve probably seen pictures of other people’s magnificent rose gardens, but would you be able to produce such roses from your own home gardening efforts? If you research and pay attention to the multitude of rose gardening tips that are available to you, it’s very likely that you can do this.

Each new tip will teach you things like proper pruning and fertilizing, how to deal with rose diseases, and how to protect your garden during the winter months.

In addition to regular watering and good soil, you’ll also need proper fertilizer for whichever types of roses you have. Start around March or early April, and then do another feeding in May, and another in June or early July.

The nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium ratios vary. For hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, climbers and polyanthas, each bush needs half a cup with a 10-20-20 ratio for each feeding.

Miniature rose bushes, on the other hand, need a slightly different combination of 1 tablespoon of 10-20-20 sprinkled the first time, then one cup of a 20-20-20 ratio of soluble fertilizer for the second and third feedings.

Shrub and old garden roses only need the 20-20-20 mix in the spring, or possibly again after the first blooming. Following these tips can help the plants to grow strong.

Pruning roses is done when the plants are dormant, such as in the spring just before they start to grow again. To encourage lush growth, cut all but the healthiest stalks, leaving no more than five, and cut those remaining stalks to between 12 and 24 inches.

One exception is when you first plant a rose bush, as you are encouraged to remove all new flower buds for the first two months, so the energy goes into making the plant strong. With regard to rose gardening tips for polyanthas, floribundas or miniatures, you should cut back to within six inches of the ground every three years, to renew the vigor of the bushes.

You might value a couple of gardening tips as well, when it comes to preparing roses for winter. For most, in all but the coldest zones, it’s likely enough just to strip all foliage off, tie the canes together, and pile mulch and extra soil around the base.

Tips like these are available in books, on the internet and at rose nurseries and gardens. This would work just with certain types of roses, and in other cases, particularly in warmer climates, there are other recommended methods. These methods will keep your rose nurseries and gardens safe until early spring, when it’s time to start the process all over again.

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Home Gardening https://jdotnetservices.com/home-gardening/ https://jdotnetservices.com/home-gardening/#respond Tue, 06 Feb 2018 19:51:23 +0000 http://jdotnetservices.com/?p=535 Home gardening refers to any small activity that you carry around the house from watering the flowers and misting fertilizers or insecticides to lawn mowing and landscaping. Gardening is a popular occupation, and for lots of good reasons: some consider it relaxing, others want to enjoy the beauty of harvesting crops or they just try […]

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Home gardening refers to any small activity that you carry around the house from watering the flowers and misting fertilizers or insecticides to lawn mowing and landscaping. Gardening is a popular occupation, and for lots of good reasons: some consider it relaxing, others want to enjoy the beauty of harvesting crops or they just try to go organic. There is much more to be said about motivation, but it usually differs from case to case.

Home gardening equals with more earth-friendly attitude because lots of those growing their own vegetables are not interested in saving money but rather prefer to consume food that is clean and natural. Without chemicals, insecticides and pesticides, food will be tastier and healthier. As for flowers they are usually planted for their beauty.

You can find equipment for home gardening in any local department store. You don’t have to buy all the tools imaginable. Just keep the activity simple, pleasant and comfortable. There are no more important aspects. Even shoes and gloves have their role in protecting the gardener by enhancing the comfort level. Choose your methods and equipment depending on what you grow.

Many of the supplies can also be ordered online if you don’t find them in the regular department store. For landscaping design you may have to shop around and get the best offers possible. Magazines, web sites and online forums could make viable recommendations for home gardening, and it doesn’t hurt to take a look. On the average, such materials also provide solutions to your dilemmas as well as answers to pressing questions.

You decide how complex or simple home gardening should be. You can cultivate the entire garden or have just one bed to look after. Yet, not every house owner chooses to garden on the property. You can hire someone to trim the hedges and cut the grass as you may not have the time or the disposition to ‘get dirty’. Consequently, home gardening tips is an occupation you love. Whether productive or enjoyable, gardening could become the perfect refuge from a stressful world.

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Runic Fonts https://jdotnetservices.com/runic-fonts/ https://jdotnetservices.com/runic-fonts/#respond Wed, 13 Dec 2017 14:04:03 +0000 http://jdotnetservices.com/?p=522 ‘Old wine in a new bottle’, these words can interpret runic fonts. These ancient symbols have undoubtedly gained an artistic importance in the present mundane world. Art speaks a better language, but using an artistic way to convey the language has become the modern day trend. The significance of these symbols called runes has never […]

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‘Old wine in a new bottle’, these words can interpret runic fonts. These ancient symbols have undoubtedly gained an artistic importance in the present mundane world. Art speaks a better language, but using an artistic way to convey the language has become the modern day trend.

The significance of these symbols called runes has never gone unnoticed. In the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, “We are symbols, and inhabit symbols”. It is a fact that the entire world is spun with a web called communication. However, where did communication gain its stability? Beyond question, the answer would be language. Primitive man used vocal alterations to convey his message and he used symbols that represent his vocal alterations to record his message to the future, thus leading the way to language. These set of symbols that were used to convey and record message are called runes.

Runes are alphabetic script; each character in it stands for a speech sound. Though they do not constitute a language by themselves, they are used in writing or assembling a language. Runic scripts are epigraphic, they are mostly found carved on stone, wood, metal, bone and other solid substances, unlike the normal way of writing. This is one of the reasons for ancient runic inscriptions to be laconic.

Coming to the history of runes, researches show that it was for a type of Germanic ancestral language that runes were originally invented. Apart from this, certain runes have been extracted from the medieval Scandinavian and the Anglo Saxon scripts. Tracking history makes it clear that each culture either has created new runes or has renamed or rearranged its rune or in few cases has even stopped using obsolete runes completely to match their society. Reformation has constantly been in progress.

“Each generation wants new symbols, new people, new means; they want to divorce themselves from their predecessors”, opines Jim Morrison. It is a fact that we have diverged from our ancestral script. Ancient runic scripts do not make any sense to a common person now, but our present letters do. Though those scripts seem strange, the aesthetic touch in them has not gone unrecognized.

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Ancient Olympia (Greece) https://jdotnetservices.com/ancient-olympia-greece/ https://jdotnetservices.com/ancient-olympia-greece/#respond Wed, 02 Aug 2017 19:57:36 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=436 The area one-part of the location of Elis, in historic Pestide. The town of Pisa stood, however it is uncertain whether he actually endured. Mistakenly suppose the town was not a town but a landscape which a game title is named title the region where was constructed the forehead of Zeus. Once the temple was […]

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The area one-part of the location of Elis, in historic Pestide. The town of Pisa stood, however it is uncertain whether he actually endured. Mistakenly suppose the town was not a town but a landscape which a game title is named title the region where was constructed the forehead of Zeus. Once the temple was constructed as houses for priests, the storage for his home, servants of the forehead, was organized games fittings and structures were houses for lecturers, under whose management the teenagers get yourself ready for the activities, performing stuff here.

Historic Olympia’s place is actually described topographic limitations, completed naturally. The Upper edge shaped wooded hills that achieve as much as the Alpheus, from the Olympic hill variety. The most truly effective is coated having a grove of large pines; the ancestry is high, within the plain may be the slope, nearly totally divided the area in the form. This really is the organic citadel of Olympia, Kronion. The edge that is American types a vibrant water, historic Prize “the protector of the American edges of the location that is Sacred,” as his Traditional composition is called by him. About the American, a form of hillsides increases, inside the skyline in a path in the plain. About the South moves the vibrant Alpheus, “transporting away any bad spirits and dissolving”.

The center of Olympia’s holy section was entertained by holy grove of the forehead, named Alcidae. The tale stated that Hercules had calculated the area actions for this grove. To the olive in addition, was in her poplars, and sycamores, hands. Inside other issues diminished to Zeus along with there have been several figurines; it set the sculpture, showing the champions within the activities. About the southside; the primary entry was within the fencing brought her little gates from various attributes; for him it had been exclusively for serious processions. All artifacts of historic Olympia were focused within the grove’s fencing. Towards the right of him, close to the primary entry, increased olive-tree that was holy; she was. Together with her were cut on limbs for wreaths in the activities of the champions; cut a child having a Gold blade to these limbs. – Within the South Eastern component Alcidae endured the forehead of towards the entry of the grove; Zeus, experiencing the act that was American.

Zeus’ temple

The historic customs of Olympia stated within the occasions of the Pelasgians here was the Oracle whose reactions came through the cleft from the floor; Zeus produced this Oracle, through his zipper’s cleft. Zeus at Olympia’s forehead there clearly was a time that is very long. Subsequently started initially to develop a fresh Chapel while elidiane held Pisoi. When it had been built-in Athens, the Parthenon only Olympiads, exceeded the elegance the forehead of Zeus, all prior temples was built-in the shape by which he explained Pausania. Designers were asked by Elidiane from Athens; the temple’s building was herself Phidias; its own renowned sculpture of Zeus and he did.

Wall of the forehead coated with plaster and were made from tufa. The roofing was made from marble; it had been arrangements and molded within the forehead. The temple’s thickness had a 200 95 toes, along with a peak of a fraction along with 86. Stingy and explanation Pausania stays of the building, we are able to observe that his design was a method between the type of the Parthenon and the rigid historic Euro type of Aegina the forehead of Athena, where influence was mitigated by the old rigor.

Pausini claims the forehead that is Olympic constructed peripheries, that has, includes a colonnade on all attributes, that about the sides it is 13 posts about back and the entrance for 6. The roofing is shaped, as-is generally pediments, the Traditional temples. About the attributes of the leading of the pediment endured a gilded container, and above it, about the front-edge of the roofing, a gilded sculpture of the winged goddess of Triumph; the sculpture was strung having a platinum safeguard with Medusa mind; it was emblematic, arising the catastrophe off; it was a supplying of the Lacedemonians. About the architrave of the forehead was connected in a method that is symmetrical gleaming guards, contributed by Mummies of the spoil these shields’ number was 21. Reliefs the pediment’s front was attractive a student of Phidias, Peonies; they portrayed Zeus and the phase of planning of Oenomaus and Pelops to contend within chariots’ competition. Alcamenes created the pediment showing the struggle with the centaurs a student of Phidias’ rear height. The temple inside in historic Olympia was, like Traditional temples that are additional is divided in to three components: the room that is front, holiest area of the forehead, which located the sculpture of Zeus, and moderate room, full of valuable choices.

The sculpture of Zeus at Olympia

A sculpture of Zeus by Phidias was the forehead of historic Olympia its most renowned design. Phidias symbolized Zeus placed on the throne that was wonderful; Zeus’ hair, was portrayed waving. “the statue’s best sights was edge that was bronze, made that the stone hit with turbo. The center of the roofing of the forehead was created to ensure that might occur; behind that was strung a crimson wool carpet Assyrian slipping large wrinkles so when it had been available, the lighting dropped on the sculpture of Zeus. The statue’s beauty increased from the proven fact that sex of the podium it had been with rocks that were dark “. (Curtius). In the sculpture’s toes endured ellinady’s seats, judges wreaths towards the champions in the Olympic Activities. Wreaths were set prior to the sculpture of Zeus, about the victors within the forehead. About the Gold desk, one of the forehead put an olive department that was brand new.

Additional temples of Olympia

Within the holy grove of historic Olympia, there have been additional shrines: the forehead of Hera, the forehead focused on the heroine of Hippodamia, and named the Shrine of Pelops (Pelopion); excellent ceremony of Zeus, made from the ashes of creatures diminished; was an extremely aged wooden anchor, that was seen as the monument of king Oenomaus.

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Zoroastrianism https://jdotnetservices.com/zoroastrianism/ https://jdotnetservices.com/zoroastrianism/#respond Thu, 20 Jul 2017 18:33:07 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=416 Zoroastrianism, one of the great religious teachings of the East, developed in Ancient Iran. Like his tribesmen, the Aryans of Ancient India, the Iranians, too, was at first deified the forces of nature. The sun that fights the winter cold and weight of snow on the mountains; with the dawn, scattering the night mists, of […]

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Zoroastrianism, one of the great religious teachings of the East, developed in Ancient Iran. Like his tribesmen, the Aryans of Ancient India, the Iranians, too, was at first deified the forces of nature. The sun that fights the winter cold and weight of snow on the mountains; with the dawn, scattering the night mists, of flashing fire, the earthly reflection of the heavenly light, the fire that is the burgeoning flame symbolizes the aspiration of the human soul to the eternal source of light, imagined deities of pastoral peoples of Iran as the Aryans on the Indus. On the contrary, dry winds, the horrors of the steppes and deserts, where live the spirits of night and destruction and instilled fear as a hostile demons. Under the smiling sky of India, where nature shows itself only with the beneficent hand of his, developed the concept of the divine soul of the world, from which proceed all created the notion of a good Providence; on the contrary, in Iran, where in nature, in climate, the greatest tangible opposites, evolved lying at the basis of every natural religion, the belief in good and evil spirits, the beneficent power of light and hostile forces of darkness.

This dualism (a dualistic view) and later moved from the naturally symbolic oppositions in the realm of pure thought and moral. However, in the folk beliefs of the Indian Aryans first place first belonged to Indra, the Iranians chief deity was the sun God – Mitra. The great sage and founder of the religious teachings of Zoroaster (Zarathustra) previously gave this natural religion to the system: all the disparate concepts and rules are collected in one sacred book is the Zend – Avesta.

Starting from the view that in nature as in the human soul, the good is mixed with evil, and based on the ancient dualistic conception of the people, Zoroaster divided the universe and all created into two kingdoms: the pure Kingdom of light, ruled by the king of the gods with Ahura Mazda (Orascom) and embodying all that is good, pure and Holy, and the Kingdom of darkness, driven by “malicious”, “evil” Ahriman (Angra-Mainyu) and containing in himself all the evil, vicious, sinful. According to the teachings of Zoroastrianism, each of these Supreme gods has hordes of godlike spirits, divided according to the degree of importance into classes: Ormuzd six ameshaspands (master spirits) of secondary spirits ferwerda (pravasa) and sedumi (azata), Ahriman, the Devas (Daeva and Drudge), also divided into classes.

Both basic principles of good and evil existed from the beginning. Ahura Mazda, according to the Zoroastrians, was more powerful, freely created sacred creative word (honover) world – the Kingdom of light, embodying only good and pure; but, when he retired to his celestial abode, Ahriman the serpent the way you created the world and filled it with hostile spirits, unclean and noxious animals, vices and sins. In contrast Ahuramazda, the Creator of light, of day and of life, the evil demon of Zoroastrianism, Ahriman, was the Creator of darkness, night and death; Ahura Mazda created the bull, the dog, the cock: Ahriman – wild animals, snakes, insects; Ahuramazda tried using spirits of farmers to keep people on the path of righteousness and moral purity; the Ahriman with its Devas enjoys any opportunity to surprise to settle in a person’s heart and draw him to the path of impurity and Vice.

Thus, according to the teachings of Zoroastrianism, is a perpetual struggle between two powers for possession of the land and humanity. Nevertheless, ever victory should remain for a good beginning: then the Kingdom of light will fill the world, and there will be a state of eternal bliss. Then fans of Ahura-Mazda, the soul that at death will be spotless after the test on the bridge Chinvat will receive additional, light body, throwing himself from the shadows, and will enjoy at the throne of the divine light of eternal happiness and celestial glory. Because a fan of Ormuzd – a Zoroastrian is obliged, during his life on earth, all the forces to oppose the evil spirits, to appease them and quell their anger by sacrifice and humility, to deal with them in the nature of the extermination of harmful animals and diligent reproduction of useful fruit trees and a private chest of the sacred law, worship of fire and prayer, kind words and deeds, sacrifice horses and bulls, and later even people. Compliance with “good law” of Zoroastrianism, where Ahura Mazda revealed his will, makes man is able to resist all the machinations of the Devas dwelling in the Touran, in the wild steppe country of the midnight, where commonly invaded the Kingdom of light – Iran – predatory nomadic hordes.

Zoroastrian priests (the Magi) represented this viewpoint a tempting opportunity to fill the Zend-Avesta many of the regulations, which controlled the lives of Iranians slave yoke fixed law. Zoroaster prescribed purity in thoughts, words, and actions, as the surest means of safety from the influence of the Devas, and the later Zoroastrian priests said the concept of purity purely external value and came up with a whole lot of external rules, rituals and customs which, in their opinion, it was possible to preserve the purity, or lost it due to negligence, to return again. These cleaning requirements, sacrifices and ritual customs of Zoroastrianism turned the worship of the world in slavish obedience to the letter of the law.

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The battle of Waterloo https://jdotnetservices.com/the-battle-of-waterloo/ https://jdotnetservices.com/the-battle-of-waterloo/#respond Tue, 18 Jul 2017 16:09:33 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=424 The battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815 marked the end of the attempt escaped from the island of Elba Napoleon Bonaparte to regain the throne of France (the Hundred days of Napoleon). She put an end to his entire military and political career. Broken at Waterloo the Anglo-Prussian army, Napoleon was forced to abdicate […]

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The battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815 marked the end of the attempt escaped from the island of Elba Napoleon Bonaparte to regain the throne of France (the Hundred days of Napoleon). She put an end to his entire military and political career. Broken at Waterloo the Anglo-Prussian army, Napoleon was forced to abdicate the secondary and sent to distant exile on St. Helena, where after six years died.

The adventure of the Hundred days were successful for Napoleon. Having collected an army, and speaking from Paris to the North, into Belgium, he inflicted there on 16 June 1815 sensitive the defeat of the British at Quatre Bras and the Prussians at ligny. However, the new Prussian commander of the Gneisenau managed to gather the remnants of the defeated army at ligny, to organize a new attack on the French. Absolutely did not expect that Napoleon weakened his army, separated from it 33-thousand corps of Marshal grouchy. This corps was ordered to pursue the Prussians, which, in the opinion of Napoleon, had, after Linyi in chaotic retreat to the Meuse. However, the Prussian army gathered at the city of Wavre and engaged the relationship with the English commander Wellington, which is located 20 kilometers South of Brussels near the village of Waterloo. The Prussians invited the Wellington immediately strike up a new battle with the enemy.

Knew nothing about Napoleon before the battle of Waterloo joined at Quatre Bras your army with the army of Marshal Ney marched on the Brussels road against the British. He came up with the idea that he’ll have to fight with the Prussians, which he considered completely out of sync. Napoleon expected an easy victory. To induce fear into the enemy and inspire courage to his own troops, he arranged for the eyes of the British military parade. That’s the last time lined up on the parade before their leader, the veterans who participated in the battle of the Pyramids, Austerlitz, Borodino, and so long kept at Bay the whole world. From the decline of its former glory, they have saved only his soldier’s pride, his thirst for vengeance and an indomitable affection for its heroic leader. During this inspection on the eve of the battle of Waterloo Imperial, power once again had the eyes of an old soldier in all its brilliance and made a deep impression on their hearts. A great commander once again appeared before them in his dark greatness.

At noon on 18 June 1815, Napoleon began the battle, which was called the battle of Waterloo or the Belle Alliance. Victory for a long time not leaning it to either side; the ranks of the British army for a long time with heroic courage reflected and a huge mass of infantry, which the French General’erlon rushed to the troops of Wellington, and such masses of cavalry of Ney, which has never been assembled at one point. However, in the afternoon the ranks of the British began to waver, and the attack of the French at Mont Saint-Jean is the Central position of Wellington – became more and more formidable. However, fighting at Waterloo the British came on time. The Prussians, whom Napoleon considered fleeing, attacked the rear of the right wing of the French. At the time, like Marshal grouchy at Wavre entered into battle with the forces of Tillmann, chief of the Prussian army appeared on the battlefield, where the decisive struggle. The fiercest battle of Waterloo went to Mont-Saint-Jean – the row of hills that cut great road leading to Brussels. There is, as they say, was uttered by a French General Cambronne the following words, preserved in the memory of his nation as the last reminder of a lost generation of heroes: “the Guard may die but never surrenders” on the Contrary, no excuses, it was impossible to wash away the shame with General Burmon, traitors sided with the Bourbons and left the French army on the eve of battle at ligny. Connecting the allied armies that saved them from the threatening of Waterloo defeat, was mainly a matter of Gneisenau.

“The arrival of Blucher or death!” exclaimed Wellington, when the battle began in the afternoon to take an unfavorable turn for him. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo by the timely appearance on the field of battle by the Prussians under the command of Blücher and Bülow. Seventy Blucher who lay for two days before at Ligny without movement under his horse among the enemy cavalry was still fresh and undaunted. On the right wing, the French suffered a complete defeat. Like a desperate player, Napoleon finally decided to put everything on one card. Imperial guard Napoleon Bank to the last extremity, was about seven o’clock in the evening sent under the command of Ney in the attack on the center of the British position at Waterloo, but after a fierce hand-to-hand fight were forced to retreat. The side of the Bulow Planshow broke several other battalions of the Imperial guard after a bloody struggle.

“It’s over, run for it!” exclaimed Napoleon. Marshal Soult, who replaced Berthier, the chief of the General staff, took the pale and bewildered Emperor from the field of battle. Pursued by the enemy, Napoleon jumped up without a hat and without a sword on his horse and hurriedly went through Charleroi, Philippeville, Laon to Paris. Soon the entire French army turned into a rout. After the battle of Waterloo she left in the hands of the enemy, all their artillery; only the fourth part of it managed to escape. Even the coach of Napoleon, was filled with gold and precious stones, fell to the Prussians.

Gneisenau himself led the pursuit of the broken enemy. Army of English and Prussians were obliged to a brilliant victory at Waterloo the total consensus course of action of his commanders as much confidence in his superiors and to his own forces. Nevertheless, the outcome of the battle was decided by the timely arrival of the Prussians. However, the national jealousy of the Britons have long attributed the victory solely or principally with the Duke of Wellington and the British army! After the battle, two warlords embraced in the farm of Belle-Alliance. Blucher wished the battle were named for this farm. However, Wellington chose the name Waterloo, where he was the day before the battle spent the night, but where there was no battle. Only after many years of historical criticism to appreciate the merits of each of the two commanders.

In written on the island of St. Helena memoirs Napoleon calls the main culprit of the loss of the battle of Waterloo of Marshal grouchy, who has not performed given him orders to hurry on the battlefield by the shortest route, but instead came near Wavre in the struggle with the Prussian corps Tillmann and therefore could not fulfill his task. Later military writers have recognized these unjust accusations; they claim that the Pear could not arrive to the site of the battle of Waterloo soon enough to affect the outcome. Those 30,000 people, which he took after the battle of NAMUR, and from there through Dinant Mezieres and Rethel in Soissons, was strong-to which could join the soldiers fleeing. However, we can positively assert that the conduct of Marshal grouchy was nothing ambiguous.

The total number of losses of the French army at Waterloo exceeded 50,000 people, and the loss of the allies reached 43,000; but the pursuit of the enemy, completed his defeat. The army, which had pinned their hopes restored the French Empire, was after the battle of Waterloo, in essence, completely destroyed, and with it disappeared and the credibility of its leader.

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The battle of Agincourt https://jdotnetservices.com/the-battle-of-agincourt/ https://jdotnetservices.com/the-battle-of-agincourt/#respond Fri, 14 Jul 2017 15:28:47 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=411 The battle of Agincourt October 25, 1415 marked one of the most important turning points in the history of the hundred year’s war. A heavy defeat it almost cost the Valois dynasty to the French throne. Several followed the battle of Agincourt years he switched to English, and from obedience to them, France was saved […]

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The battle of Agincourt October 25, 1415 marked one of the most important turning points in the history of the hundred year’s war. A heavy defeat it almost cost the Valois dynasty to the French throne. Several followed the battle of Agincourt years he switched to English, and from obedience to them, France was saved only by the exploits of the great national hero Joan of Arc.

In 1415, Henry V, king of England, came with a numerous army near the mouth of the Seine on the Northern coast of France and took possession (September) the city of Purpleroom, breaking tough defenses of his garrison. However, the damage suffered by the English army, as the actions of the enemy, or from contagious diseases has been so great that the king found it necessary to go to Calais, to winter there and await reinforcements from England. The French, gathered under the command of the Dauphin and the constable Charles d’albret army of 50,000 infantry and 8,000 knights (according to others, 15.000 knights and 35 thousand infantry) occupied the right Bank of the river Somme, in the intention to block the path of the British. In the ranks of the French troops, there were several princes of the Royal house and almost all the highest nobility of France.

After unsuccessful attempts to seize the river crossings at Blastula and Pont-Remy, Henry V finally managed to cross the river somewhat higher in Saint-Quentin. His army consisted of only 2.000 equestrians and 12,000 foot, and was fatigued with enhanced transitions and all kinds of shortcomings. The French occupied all the bridges, guarded all the fords, took food out of the way, British troops or destroyed them; the English was very difficult to move forward. In vain, Henry V, feeling the gravity of his situation, offered to opponents to conclude the most advantageous for them the world. The French were hoping the superior forces to destroy her hated enemy, and therefore, ahead of the British on the road to Calais, is located to the battle between the villages Franeker and Agincourt (Azincourt), three miles from the town of Saint-Paul.

Place, selected them for battle approximately Agincourt, was the most unprofitable. Limited to copses, consisting of fresh arable land and viscous, it does not allow any deployment of troops or the free action of cavalry, which, according to the custom of feudal times, was the best part of the French army. Not less erroneous were the orders of the constable d’albret to the fight: the infantry he gave three deep and crowded the line, in front of which stood the troops of the dismounted equestrians. 2 thousand mounted men at arms were placed in front of the two flanks of the first line. With the same insouciance, the French repeated all the mistakes made by them at the battle of Poitiers 1356. Moreover, in located at Azincourt the French army was no order, no subordination. Arrogant princes and barons despised the commandment of the constable, were in charge of the squads at their own discretion, and hurried out of the rear lines in the front, for fear of otherwise being late to defeat the enemy.

Henry V, for his part, passed on 24 October 1415 at the French swampy river Ternoise (or Lablance) and built his army near Agincourt, on the heights of the village of Madonsela. In the center was placed the infantry, forming, in its small size, one shallow line. The knights were the wings, ahead of them stood the arrow, the infallible army of British, armed, besides bows and swords, long and pointed sticks, which they stuck in front of him in the ground to hold the onslaught of enemy cavalry.

The night of October 25, 1415 and the next morning was cold and rainy. The French held them in revelry the challenges of the enemy. The French knights were so confident of victory that he has already agreed about how you will divide among themselves the prisoners feasted all night before the battle. The British in silence, preparing for desperate combat.

At two o’clock in the afternoon Henry V, vainly awaiting the battle of Agincourt the attack of the opponents decided to proceed with it himself, reminding the soldiers about the glory acquired by their ancestors under such difficult circumstances in the battles at Crecy and Poitiers, ordered them to go forward. Flanking detachments of the French knights rushed to meet them, but because of the rain slush and many trees and shrubs are unable to stretch their line to outflank the enemy from the flanks. They often were stuck and were killed by the arrows of the English, part tilted to the first line that came into confusion. British arrows immediately took advantage of this: they took the swords and broke into the enemy line, killed the constable and most of the chiefs.

Due to such a bad start of the battle of Agincourt the first French line was soon back and introduces disorder in the second. Meanwhile other British troops arrived to help the arrows. Fierce battle ensued in which the king Henry V, courageously fighting ahead of teams was repeatedly exposed to the greatest danger. Inept French generals forced the cavalry to fight in the battle of Agincourt on foot, and his soldiers placed very dense rows. The British had only to shoot into the mass of people who crushed and smothered one another. In the end, the second French line was also partly destroyed, partly overturned to the third. The latter, devoid of leaders and are passionate about a common disorder that struck from under the battle of Agincourt in flight.

At this very moment hearing that a strong French squad that toured the British and nearing Madonsela (which was sent to French POWs), forced the king to stop for a while the harassment and I’ll give the command to kill is taken by the British under the Agincourt prisoners. The falsity of this rumour (which was an attempt of the villagers ganged up to Rob the English convoy) revealed only when several thousand French knights and soldiers were cut.

The French lost at the battle of Agincourt to 10 thousand people were killed (including 8000 nobles) and to 14 thousand taken prisoner. Among those who under the battle of Agincourt there were eight princes of the Royal house of Valois and 120 noble feudal lords: the constable d’albret, both Admiral of France (assistant constable), chief of the gunmen, Archbishop Sanski Montague and many others of the aristocracy. The English prisoner at Agincourt was a Prince of Orleans (was found injured under a pile of bodies), counts ASCII, the place Vendome, man, Marshal Boucicaut, and 1,500 knights and squires of noble birth.

The loss of the British in the battle of Agincourt was only 1,600 people dead and wounded. Among the British killed was a cousin of king Edmund, Duke of York and Earl of Suffolk. The victorious army of Henry V of Agincourt has gone to Calais and, after resting there, returned to England. With a joyful Hello to the people of the king, 23 November 1415 came to London.

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The battle of the Marne (1914) https://jdotnetservices.com/battle-marne-1914/ https://jdotnetservices.com/battle-marne-1914/#respond Mon, 10 Jul 2017 16:06:33 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=406 The German Schlieffen Plan (the war strategy on two fronts against Russia and France) provided the beginning of hostilities rapid roll through Belgium to Paris, a quick coverage of it from the West, take the city exit to the rear of the French forces and surrounded them. So the Germans had expected just a few […]

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The German Schlieffen Plan (the war strategy on two fronts against Russia and France) provided the beginning of hostilities rapid roll through Belgium to Paris, a quick coverage of it from the West, take the city exit to the rear of the French forces and surrounded them. So the Germans had expected just a few weeks to bring France out of the war – and then to strike with all its might on the Russians.

This plan was launched at the beginning of the First World War. Violating the neutrality of Belgium, the German army passed through it and went further south. However, the strength to reach Paris from the West they didn’t have enough. The German command decided to adjust the Schlieffen Plan, to reduce the route of the troops, to abandon the French capital bypass, turn east and go behind enemy lines here.

On 1 September 1914 the 1st and 2nd German army (von crutch and von Bülow) rushed to the East of Paris, chasing the 5th army of the French and came to the English. On 4 September, the retreating allies rushed across the river Marne. Background Klok and von Bülow, entered into the breach, threatening to surround the enemy.

However, this maneuver exposed right flank and rear of the advancing Germans. Their defense dropped even more after sending the two German corps and the Russian armies of Rennenkampf and Samsonov invaded a cavalry division in East Prussia, which is much earlier than expected.

French commander Joffre was about to withdraw all their forces behind the Seine, but the head of the defense of Paris Gallieni noticed that the Germans opened the right flank and rear. He persuaded Joffre to organize a counter-offensive of the 6th French army Manure. In this direction, the British and French concentrated almost double human superiority.

5 September 1914 Manure started to kick. Background the Crutch had to begin redeployment of the troops from the Marne to the West, to Paris. Due to this, on 6 September, the British and French stopped their retreat over the Marne and began a supporting attack across the river, to Verdun in the East.

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The Aachen Congress (1818) https://jdotnetservices.com/aachen-congress-1818/ https://jdotnetservices.com/aachen-congress-1818/#respond Fri, 30 Jun 2017 15:53:24 +0000 http://165.227.88.196/?p=393 The Congress of the Holy Alliance, held in the German city of Aachen with 18 (30) September 9 (21) November 1818. The three main Emperor of the Holy Alliance attended it: Russian Emperor Alexander I and Austrian Emperor Franz I and the Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm III. Authorized by Congress were the Russian – graphs […]

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The Congress of the Holy Alliance, held in the German city of Aachen with 18 (30) September 9 (21) November 1818. The three main Emperor of the Holy Alliance attended it: Russian Emperor Alexander I and Austrian Emperor Franz I and the Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm III. Authorized by Congress were the Russian – graphs Capodistrias and Nesselrode; the Austrian – Metternich; Prussia – Prince Hardenberg and count Bernstorff; the English – the Duke of Wellington and Lord Castle; French Duke Richelieu.

The main goal of the Aachen Congress was to reduce the period of the occupation of French territory by allied troops to determine the attitude of the allied powers to the defeated (after the defeat of Napoleon) of France. However, Congress dealt with other issues. In Aachen has adopted the following acts:

  1. Of the Convention concluded by France separately with every minute of the four of the victorious powers in the war of 1813-1815 (Russia, Austria, Prussia, England) to evacuate the French territory
  2. Note that these four powers were invited, and the Duke of Richelieu expressed consent of France, to join the Union of the great European powers to maintain peace and the sanctity of international treatises
  3. Protocol that determined the order of consideration of claims filed by many of the French subjects of the allied powers
  4. Two of the secret Protocol, adopted without participation of the representative of France. They again renewed the quadruple Alliance 1815 and outlined military measures in the event of the new revolutionary turmoil in France
  5. Protocol, which confirmed the Holiness of prisoners of treatises, and in case of new international Assembly, proclaimed the right of other States, on cases, which will be discussed at these meetings, to take part in the negotiations
  6. The Declaration is addressed to all European courts. She proclaimed the continuity of the bond of peace concluded between the five great European powers (the pentarchic), and pointed out that to join the Union monarchs recognize my main, an indispensable duty to steadily follow the principles of international law
  7. The Protocol amending the resolution of the Congress of Vienna on the rank of diplomatic agents and defines the place of Ministers of resident envoys below and above attorneys.

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